Civil litigation is a term that applies to any legal dispute where two or more parties are seeking monetary damages or a specific performance and does not include criminal accusations.

Civil law mainly deals with issues related to purchase agreements of goods or properties, lease agreements, debt collection, negligence, and civil liability.

Milani law firm offers a wealth of knowledge and skill, effectively navigating the nuances behind civil law, whether among private individuals or disputes between individuals and organizations.

At Milani law firm, the clients benefit from the vast experience of our civil attorneys across the Iran. Our skilled attorneys are well-versed in all aspects of civil law. They are dedicated to provide the best legal advice. As such, we are well-suited to provide legal assistance to the local clients with international civil disputes and the overseas clients.

We advise and support civil litigation via a range of measures:

• Civil law advice and support

• Tenancy agreements

• Breach of contract

• Client representation

• Debt collection

The meaning of enforcing the judgements issued by foreign courts is to ask the Iranian courts to execute the judgment issued by the foreign court, just like domestic judgments. This is done by submitting a request to the competent Iranian court.

The enforcement of foreign court judgments in Iran is divided into two parts: civil judgments and criminal judgments, each of which is subject to certain conditions. The execution of the judgments of foreign courts in Iran is subject to special procedures and requires two stages. First, recognition and then, enforcement. If the judgment of the foreign court is valid according to the Iranian laws and there is no legal prohibition for its implementation, the Iranian court will recognize the judgment and then execute it. After the recognition and issuance, the order for the execution of the judgment of the foreign court by the Iranian court, the judgment will be executing according to the law on the execution of civil judgments of Iran, as a general law, and bilateral or multilateral treaties, if any.

In cases where there is a foreign element, the presence of an expert attorney is necessary. Because in these cases, due to the international aspects of the case, it is necessary to review and sometimes apply several laws from different jurisdictions. This causes certain complications in the case that only an experienced attorney in international affairs can solve.

International commercial arbitration is the type of arbitration that has two conditions; first, being a commercial dispute and second, being an international arbitration. The subject of commercial arbitration is mainly disputes in the purchase and sale of goods/services, transportation, insurance, financial affairs, consulting services, investment, technical cooperation, representation, agency, contracting and similar activities. It is an international arbitration while a foreign element is involved. With this description, the arbitration award issued in such disputes is an international commercial arbitration award.

International commercial arbitration awards issued outside Iran are enforceable under certain conditions. The international commercial arbitration award must first be recognized by the Iranian court, and then an order for its enforcement should be issued. After the enforcement order is issued, the international commercial arbitration award will be implemented according to the Iranian laws and using the available facilities.